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Si tratta del titolo del grande trattato astronomico-matematico di Tolomeo (150 ca. d.C.) in cui vi è la spiegazione completa del sistema geocentrico. Il nome attuale deriva dall'arabo al-Magisṭī, adattamento della parola greca "Megíste" (che significa "grandissima"), con cui era generalmente indicata l'opera. Il libro fu infatti tradotto in arabo e poi i traduttori latini medioevali hanno lasciato il titolo Almagesto. Dal Medioevo in avanti è il titolo che designava ogni grande trattato di astronomia.
La parola desueta del